Impacts Of The Economic Downturn On Health Economics Essay

Undertaking ) â€Å" Identify and elucidate how the financial downswing may affect straight and in a roundabout way on the health of individuals in the UK. Examine with notice to distinguish positions on health disparities and financial position † â€Å" Those who do n't cognize history are bound to emphasize it. † Edmund Burke ( 1729-1797 ) 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Poor health influences the lower-classes more essentially and lopsidedly than the privileged societies ( Chadwick, 1843 ) . To some degree before his clasp Chadwick finished up the inconsistent effect of hapless wellbeing on lower financial gatherings is evitable. Without a doubt, Chadwick asserted that he could cut the perish rate in London by a third by bettering the states of the lower-classes ( Chadwick, 1843 ) . Figure: Scanned mixture from the first investigation by Edwin Chadwick on the invigorating states of the working populace of Great Britain ( 1843 ) . 1.2 Chadwick ‘s confidence in miasma, as the instrument of perish, was off base yet his choice that the effect of sick wellbeing and mortality on the lower-classes was more noteworthy than that of â€Å" high societies † was definitely not mistaken. In 1844 Engles guaranteed the dissimilarity was because of the pursuit of riches by the high societies, the white collar class, at the disbursal of the health of the lower-classes, the work, and alluded to the wonder as â€Å" cultural killing † ( Engles, 1844 ) . 1.3 Since Chadwicks ‘ concentrate in 1843 numerous others, most quite, the Black Report ( DHSS, 1980 ) , the Whitehead Report ( Whitehead, 1988 ) , the Atchison Report ( 1997 ) and the Marmot Review ( 2010 ) , presume that those in lower-classes or lower financial gatherings are bound to be influenced by hapless wellbeing, and as an impact the work will see higher mortality which is unreasonable and entirely evitable ( Bradby, 2009 ) . The reason for this paper is to put and explain how the 08/09 monetary downswing may affect the health of individuals in the UK with explicit notice to social-class and wellbeing imbalances. 2.0 Social-class and health imbalances 2.1 The Registrar General ‘s arrangement of social-class, considered in 1911, depended on business with explicit notice to the suggested cultural situation of that business ( Bartley and Blane, 2009 ) . This technique for arrangement, constrained by its hardened consideration of an organized hierarchal-perpetual society, was supplanted in 2001 by the National Statistics Socio-financial Classification ( NS-SEC ) , a universally perceived order that takes history of position, salary, possibilities, security, guidance, and freedom and control ( Denny and Early, 2005 ) . 2.2 In utilizing NS-SEC, Marmot ( 2010 ) indicated the aggregate of cultural disparity people experience is relative to the entirety of riches and influence employed by those single ; the less riches, influence and impact and likewise the lower social-class the more noteworthy the imbalance. Graham ( 2007 ) , distinguished the beginnings of monetary and cultural disparity are hapless guidance, inadequacy of occupation possibility, and as needs be hapless salary risks, and exhibited a generational geographic disposition to sick wellbeing and disablement. 2.3 The inevitable cultural spot, cash, influence, and material riches gained in life are non comparative with their health perils, ( Marmot, 2010 ) . Mutually the determiners of health are established in the cultural, geological, ecological, political, and material universe ; which influence the psychological and physical prosperity of people unevenly. Dahlgren and Whitehead ( 1991 ) unmistakably portray the determiners of health as a multifactorial-financial marvel of which the mass is heavily influenced by those with more prominent force, see Figure: The main determiners of wellbeing ( Beginning: Dahlgren and Whitehead, 1991 ) . underneath: Figure: The main determiners of wellbeing ( Beginning: Dahlgren and Whitehead, 1991 ) . 2.4 The cultural disparities in wellbeing are portrayed by Bartley et al.. ( 2004 ) as 4 hypothetical records: 2.4.1 The social hypothetical record which advocates the single decides to harm their inner self through their ain hapless picks, for example, intoxicant abuse, medicate use, smoke, and hapless eating regimen doing beefiness ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.4.2 The realist hypothetical record which recommend the nature of your material universe, for example, your home, the area you live in, and handiness of value stocks affects your wellbeing ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.4.3 The psyco-social hypothetical record examinations the connection between the physiological impacts of apparent cultural injustice on the human natural structure. High accentuation, insufficiency of help, enthusiastic withdrawal, connections, can outcome unsafe organic modifications which show in unwellnesss ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.4.4 The existence class hypothetical record, which consolidates strands from the social, realist, and psychosocial hypothetical record. In the event that you are of a lower social-class, cultural versatility is far-fetched and your material universe is unrealistic to adjust to improve things, nor are you practices or stressors, all of which have negative total impacts that harm health however can-not be moderated by cultural capital, ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.5 Locker ( 2008 ) portrays the consolidate idea of these hypothetical records as the â€Å" web of causing † . Reminiscent of the recommendation that no individual hypothetical record chronicles for all reasons for sick wellbeing however without vulnerability health imbalances show in progressively since quite a while ago run unwellness for lower-classes, and higher newborn child death rates, non to advert a more noteworthy chance of coronary chest sicknesses, shot, lung harmful neoplastic maladies, self-decimations, and respiratory infection ( Marmot, 2010 ) . 3.0 Recession and Downturns 3.1 The meaning of a â€Å" Recession † is broadly acknowledged as at least two consecutive quarters of negative developing. The ONS has recorded eight downturns in the course of the last 55 mature ages ; on standard of 1 each 6.8 mature ages, Table: Eight downturns between 1956-2009, related figure of negative developing periods and combined effect on GDP. ( Beginning: ONS, 2011 ) alludes ( ONS, 2011 ) . Table: Eight downturns between 1956-2009, related figure of negative developing periods and combined effect on GDP. ( Beginning: ONS, 2011 ) . 3.2 Literature recommends the lower financial classification endure all the more well in the midst of downturn, in spite of the fact that Elliott et Al. ( 2009 ) recommend the more drawn out term desolation and in certain regards, the best outcome on lower social-classes is from the downswing. The 08/09 downturn began in Q2/08 and finished in Q3/09, stand foring six fourth of negative developing and has the best combined reduction in GDP ( ONS, 2011 ) . Elliott et Al. ( 2009 ) area the length of downturn and longer-term effects of the downturn are separated. The authors endeavor at a graphical portrayal of Elliott et Al. ‘s premise are seen in underneath: Figure: Writers graphical portrayal of Elliott et Al. ‘s premise that the downturn and downswing are separated 3.4 This portrayal may propose the outcome of rebalancing is bound to affect lower social-classes than the downturn its conscience, given that market powers controlled by higher social-classes make the earth for a downturn, which is rebalanced via cardinal specialists at the disbursal of the lower-classes in the signifier of diminished open payment and in like manner an abatement in business and cultural administrations. 4.0 Social-class and the monetary downswing 4.1 Harmonizing to Marmot and Bell ( 2009 ) downturns have more noteworthy effect on those of a lower financial spot because of their failure to bear a downturn. In spite of the fact that, Gerdtham and Ruhm ( 2006 ) , dependent on an examination of OECD informations, asserted mortalities rates decrease during downturns an investigation of informations acquired from the ONS exhibits that ethical quality rates as a % of populace did non exacerbate generally over the time of 1956 †2009 against the mean death rate for that period. Blending the ONS data for the initial 5 downturns the death rate was higher than standard when considered as a % of populace. During the 90/91 downturn the death rates as a for each centum of populace was close standard thus declined essentially during the most recent downturn, which agree with Rhum ( 2005 ) discoveries, Figure: Mortality rates as a % of populace during downturn mature ages. ( Beginning: ONS 2011 ) alludes. Figure: Mortality rates as a % of populace during downturn mature ages. ( Beginning: ONS 2011 ) 4.2 Interestingly the joblessness rate as a for every centum of the populace when considered against the mean joblessness for the period 1973-2009, was fundamentally lower in the 73/74 downturn and simply arrived at para toward the start of the 90/91 downturn, Figure: Unemployment rates as a for each centum of populace during downturn mature ages alludes. Martikainen et Al. ( 2007 ) recognized in their study, death rates do non needfully increment during downturn mature ages, and truth be told, grounds proposes the antonym. In particular, during the last downturn death rates have all the earmarks of being over the standard during times of high joblessness, Figure: Mortality rates as a % of populace during downturn mature ages. ( Beginning: ONS 2011 ) and Figure: Unemployment rates as a for every centum of populace during downturn mature ages allude. Figure: Unemployment rates as a for each centum of populace during downturn mature ages, ( Beginning: ONS, 2011 ) 4.3 Marmot ( 2010 ) , Elliott et Al. ( 2010 ) , Kondo et Al. ( 2008 ) , finish up the effect on wellbeing is straight identified with social-class, which is significant when you think about most recent downturn. Proof shows that joblessness all things considered ascents and with that ascent there is other than an ascent in the morta

National Journal Of Hospitality Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The National Journal Of Hospitality Management? Answer: Introducation Successful assistance work area or administration work area the board is a principal part of giving great client support and keeping up a decent client relationship. With this as an explanation, there are not kidding necessities of bettering the presentation gave by help work areas or administration work areas and their legitimate administration. It would help supervisors in gaining brought together inside and outer execution benefits. The thought is of making little strides towards improving assistance instead of essentially beginning from the beginning and afterward to a great extent putting resources into the dynamic technique. However, relationship with buyers face issues at the hour of making little strides, as that causes the association to turn out to be increasingly decided on the consolidation and change as opposed to on the inevitable preferred position - giving of clients the best client support and having the best type of relationship with them (Lucio-Nieto et al. 2012). Two most productive parts of a decent assistance work area or administration the board are examined underneath: Examining of existing practices Prior to assuming liability of any type of progress endeavors, there is the need of assessing what is as of now being done inside the business that are related with the arrangement of help inside the segments of help work area or administration work area, customers and different divisions of the association. Distinctively, it may happen that there exists effectively a few groups and divisions that are assuming up the liability of exercises that are like this and there are probabilities that a portion of the significant practices are now arranged set up inside the association that can be additionally advanced and acknowledged somewhere else (Jntti, Cater-Steel Shrestha, 2012). Like for instance, inside any product organization and their inner IT support, standards of IT framework library (ITIL) are as of now received, removing structure which the client care group could profit in a direct way from the ITIL technique for occurrences, issues, discharge and change the board in fluctuated zones like following item improvement, executing and following those new items in the market for the clients (Tang Todo, 2013). Reviews of the administration level administration by dint of administration foundation that is offered by the assistance work area or the administration work area and adjusting of the IT arrangements cautiously with the more extensive needs of the business would likewise bolster. Thought of self assistance arrangements Self assistance arrangements are considered by numerous individuals just like the best arrangement on the off chance that they are appropriately utilized inside the association. They contain the capacity of being enormously beneficial. The even present the benefits of introducing working out-of-hours inclusion that permits any worry the chance of being in consideration for being estimated to be taken care of on a priority premise the resulting day. As a rule, the information bases could be recouped by the end client for settling their own issues. Looking from the viewpoint of help work area or administration work area the board, these types of inclusion could be confirm as being colossally financially savvy, apparently removing 33% of the brings toward the primary line help work area or administration work area especially in regions, for example, call updates and status checking. This circumstance impacts enrollment and staffing levels, releasing workforces in increasingly inventive regions inside concern goals. As far as this conversation, at a lower level, self-administration can go about just like the best arrangement. It is very indispensable that situational dangers like when the end clients self-direct hugely specialized goals are stayed away from (Kokkinou Cranage, 2013). References Jntti, M., Cater-Steel, A., Shrestha, A. (2012). Towards an improved it administration work area framework and procedures: a case study.International Journal on Advances in Systems and Measurements,5(3 4), 203-215. Kokkinou, A., Cranage, D. A. (2013). Utilizing self-administration innovation to lessen client holding up times.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 435-445. Lucio-Nieto, T., Colomo-Palacios, R., Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., Amescua-Seco, A. (2012). Executing an IT administration data the board structure: The instance of COTEMAR.International Journal of Information Management,32(6), 589-594. Tang, X., Todo, Y. (2013). A Study of Service Desk Setup in Implementing IT Service Management in Enterprises.

Blog Archive MBA News Stanford GSB Dean Steps Down Abruptly

Blog Archive MBA News Stanford GSB Dean Steps Down Abruptly In a surprising move, Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) Dean Garth Saloner announced on Monday that he will resign at the end of the current academic year. “I have decided that it is in the best interests of Stanford and the GSB, two institutions that I love, that I step down,” Saloner wrote in a school-wide email. He continued: “As many of you know, the university and I have been vigorously defending a baseless and protracted lawsuit related to a contentious divorce between a current and former member of our faculty.” The lawsuit in question has been widely discussed in the media, culminating on Monday in a lengthy and controversial article published by Poets Quants. Saloner referenced the escalating media attention in his resignation statement, commenting: “I have become increasingly concerned that the ongoing litigation and growing media interest will distract all of you from the important work that you are doing and unfairly impact this stellar school’s dese rved reputation.” Saloner will continue as the dean until summer 2016, after which he will return to teaching at the school. Share ThisTweet News Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business)

The Importance Of Writing During The Marine Corps

The importance of writing in the Marine Corps Writing In the Marine Corps is absolutely essential starting from the lowest private all the way up the to our Commandant of the Marine Corps. Marines need to have a good understanding of how to write and have a professional vocabulary to produce products that they can be proud of and others will easily understand. I will go through some of my own experiences with writing and the leaders that helped me. Being promoted in the Marine Corp is a lot more then just being in shape and shooting weapons you’ll have to understand policies and write fitness reports in a professional manner. As we will discuss, Marines also have the incredibly tough job of writing awards and putting what they see into words so others can recognize the gallant acts that they have seen on and off the battlefield. Our junior Marines must begin to write and comprehend at a very high level upon joining the military. At the rank of Lance Corporal you are required to have read and passed a Leading Marines course. In this course you learn from some of the greatest Marines that have come before us. â€Å"Thousands of Americans who have borne, and still bear, the title Marine are testimony that Once a Marine, Always a Marine and Semper Fidelis are phrases that define our essence.† (C.E. Mundy, Jr., Leading Marines, Pg. 4). As a junior Marine you are exposed to these amazing writing and you feel the sense of importance these writing have. At this point in yourShow MoreRelatedThe Battle of Belleau Wood Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Battle of Belleau Wood was one the most famous battles of World War I in which the U.S. Marine Corps made their debut into the Western Front. This battle was decisive because it confirmed the entry of the U.S. into World War I which is one of the main reasons, that the allies won the war. 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The Idea Of Privilege And Discrimination - 1015 Words

The idea of privilege and discrimination plays a pivotal part in humanity. In my own definition, privilege is the freedom and immunity that one occupies based on certain characteristics. Some of the privilege factors in my social life are my race/ethnicity, class, and religion. On the other hand, I define discrimination as a form of social injustice in which one is at a disadvantage solely based on his features. For example, because of the pigment of my skin, my middle school teacher treated me in an unfavorable fashion. Furthermore, Race plays an important role in obtaining a privileged status. Dan Pence, a professor in Southern Utah University, argued that â€Å"once white students recognize their advantages, they acknowledge that†¦show more content†¦My background and cultures differ from many people because I come from another part of the world. One of the reason why I have a privilege status is from my upbringings. Ever since I was a little boy, my parents encouraged a nd strived for me to grow up as a well-educated man. It has been tested that at the age of 4, a child living in the United States has the ability to count to 15, while the same age child from Eastern Asian countries has the ability to count to 40 (Sun, 2012). Many Asian parents are stereotyped as being harsh on their kids; however, this has led to many advantages for me personally. Another advantage of being a different race is the ability to speak a different language. Many employers are searching for employees who are diverse and versatile. Employers like to see multiple languages on rà ©sumà ©s. In contrary, some employers do not hire anyone who is not a United States citizen. Succinctly, having a different ethnicity has its own advantages, but it also comes with many disadvantages. Both of my parents hold a steady job. Even though they do not receive huge paychecks, we get by enough to be happy. I would categorized our family as middle class. Being middle class is a privilege because it could be worse. We are just thankful that we are not out in the streets – we have a roof over our heads and dinner on the table. Because of our class, my parents are able to hold a position in the society. However, the social class

A Social Norm Transformations, Hybridizations And...

Introduction: Hijra is a term which refers distinct professions such as ritualized blessing during weddings and childbirth; traditionally they dress like women to represent famine physic and may undergo penectomy and castration (orchiectomy) but also usually designate themselves as an individual whom is separate from men and women (Reddy 205:134; Nanda 1990). According to Nanda, Hijra remove their penis and testicles for the mother goddess And the blood is allow to flow freely with the belief that it drains away the â€Å"the heat† which is a source of maleness and sexual desire. Therefore they become turn to be a â€Å"Sannayasi† or a saint who embodies the strength of the goddess and is able to convey it to others in the form of blessing (Roscoe: 1996; P 210). Because of the public pressure, many of the hijra forgo their penis as it’s like a social norm, hijra does not have rights to have a penis. Transformations, hybridizations and adaptation creates a rubric identity of h ijra in Bangladeshi society. Identity transformations of hijra occurred through three collective mechanisms: body performativity, Social and institutional discursive practice and intra communal hierarchical patron-client relation. Contextualize the Research Field The transformation of transgender identity in ancient India is not academically recognized yet therefore the prehistoric epic and mythological character of Hindu religion is very significant to discuss. Consequently the discursive practice of HijraShow MoreRelatedWhat s Taking Place Around The World? Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesto a culture different from theirs? Globalization, as defined by Wan Shun Eva Lam, is what s taking place around the world concerning integration, migration of labor, growth of media and the rise of communication, and culture transformation that challenge traditional social structure (Wan Shun Eva Lam. 214) This position paper focuses on the issue of culture in globalization and education, and how culture has a huge influence on people around the world and their education. Some people tend to placeRead MoreGlobalization Strategy Of The Korean Pop Music9775 Words   |  40 Pagesapps on mobile phones like Facebook, YouTube, Shazam, Spotify and many other social networking, music discovering and streaming apps. According to the IFPI, â€Å"the music industry is continuing its transformation into a global digital business, expanding into new markets and extending new access models to more territories across all continents.† (IFPI, 2014) Undoubtedly, the internet is the ideal method to achieve transformation into global digital business because it is never limited by space or timeRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pagesintegration in the Czech Republic. Other objectives are to examine the effects of globalization on the economic, political and socio-cultural domains in the Czech Republic in general. To determine how globalization has contributed to the transformation of the national sovereignty to global sovereignty. It is also to examine the current rate of integration and the characteristics of the people in the cultural integration process. Furthermore, the study is intended to identify and describeRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesreshape the nature of management accounting. In the recent past, management accounting has not only seen changes within existing domains of the Weld but has also witnessed extensions outside its established realms of activity. Wider systemic transformations including changes in political regimes, novel conceptions of management controls, the impact of globalizing forces on commercial aVairs, shifts in notions of eVective knowledge management, governance, and ethics, and technological advances, including

In the Taming of the Shrew, Petruchio recognizes, Essay Example For Students

In the Taming of the Shrew, Petruchio recognizes, Essay respects and desires Kates intelligence and strength of character. He does not want to conquer or truly tame her. He is a man who is very confident in himself and does not want or need someone to massage his ego. Petruchio seems to me to be a man of sport and challenge and likes to surround himself with witty, challenging people. He wants in a mate what Kate has fire. From Petruchios response to his friend Hortensio (I.ii.64-75), it might be said that Petruchio came to Padua to make himself richer by marriage, to any woman, no matter how wretched. Petruchio is not in desperate need of money (I.ii.56-57). He tells Hortensio (I.ii.49-57) that his father has died and that he is out in the world to gain experiences he cannot at home and only secondarily to find a wife. Also, immediately before this declaration, is the scene of misunderstanding between he and his servant Grumio about knocking on the gate (I.ii.5-43). I see this exchange as demonstration of his enjoyment of verbal sport, a good example of Petruchios sense of humor and his appreciation of things non-conventional. Though Petruchio may not agree with what society has determined to be proper and dignified, he is aware of the importance of appearing to conform. In what he says to Hortensio, I feel he is simply extending this sport and humor into the ironic. It is in Hortensios description of Kate that I believe Petruchios interest is captured. Hortensio describes Kate (I.ii.85-89) as wealthy, young, beautiful, properly brought up intolerably cursed, shrewed and froward. Though Hortensio finds the last three traits negative characteristics, Petruchio appears to be a man who also posses, and is proud of, these negative qualities. That the qualities are considered negative in Kate and not Petruchio is a reflection of the societal standards of the fifteen hundreds. It was okay for a man to be that way, but not a woman. Petruchio is the kind of man who would want a mate with similar qualities to his own to challenge him, sharpen his wits and keep his interest. If he had wanted someone who was conformed to societies expectations, or who had already determined to deceive by concealing opinions and views, he would have chosen someone more like Bianca. However, Petruchio is a clever man who sees beyond faades because he uses them, in addition to a lot of irony himself (II.i.46), (II.i.283-289). It is clear in Grumio and his other servants (as demonstrated in the opening of act 4 (IV.i.1-113) that Petruchio prefers the interesting to the conventional. But because Petruchio understands the ways of society, he knows he must demonstrate to Kate the importance of proper public appearance. To Petruchio it is appearance rather than genuine conformance that is important. Otherwise, the woman he loves would be called names and treated in ways Petruchio might be required by honor to defend. In his ironic way, Petruchio does speak consistently about making Kate yield to him (II.i.124,136), (II.i.269-271) and of his monetary motivation (II.i.123,124). But, his methods are sportsman-like (Falconry, (IV.i.183-190) and game-like demonstrations of the outrageous (beating Grumio because Kates horse stumbled IV.i,68-80). Petruchios servants like him very well and enjoy his entertainments. In what Petruchio says following he and Kates first meeting (when her father walks in with Gremio and Tranio (II.i.269)) it becomes clear just how heavily Petruchio employs irony. He states that he is born to tame and conform Kate. Though the servants he has chosen to surround himself with are neither tame nor conforming to what most would consider proper servants. He also says he must and will have Katherine for his wife. This is a man who is completely taken by this woman: he called her properly by her formal name and says he will have her. Petruchio is as taken by Kates person as the other suitors are taken by Biancas beauty and coyness. .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 , .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .postImageUrl , .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 , .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29:hover , .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29:visited , .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29:active { border:0!important; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29:active , .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29 .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8bc89b3fb7dd6eb1d11a7a8283170a29:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art Of The Western World EssayIn the above scene, Petruchio tells Kate to never make denial. He knows she is not yet convinced, but is telling her to trust him and go along with what he says for the sake of appearance. This slowly sinks into Kate and finally takes hold when she understands Petruchios way of irony on the way home to her fathers (IV.v.12-22). Because they are so much alike, Kate takes very quickly to Petruchios games of words and irony (IV.v.37-50). Petruchio is the kind of lively person who would be disappointed in a victory too easily won, and disappointed in Kate if she were genuinely tamed. I feel certain she will have her victories, and Petruchio will e njoy them as much as his own.

Contrast the priorities of the northern and southern Renaissance Essay Example

Contrast the priorities of the northern and southern Renaissance Paper The renaissance was a period in European cultural history that began in Italy around 1400 and lasted there until the end of the 16th century. It flourished later elsewhere in Europe and lasted until the 17th century. The Renaissance brought an all around change in the way people thought and in their beliefs. People began to discover the world and discover themselves as individuals. The world was beginning to change, technology progressed, and art and music became liberated. The Renaissance could also be known as a Revival of Learning. People began to question the basic facts of life of which they were forced to accept. Acceptance was replaced with questioning, experimenting, understanding and learning. Central to the renaissance was humanism, the belief in the active, rather then the contemplative life and a faith in the republican ideal. However the greatest expression of the renaissance was in arts and learning. For example Alberti, in his writings on painting, created both methods of painting using perspective to create an illusion of a third dimension and a classically inspired non-religious subject matter. Even in his architecture, he created a system of simple proportion that was to be followed for hundreds of years. The Renaissance was heralded by the work of the early 14th-century painter Giotto in Florence, and in the early 15th century a handful of outstanding innovative artists emerged there: Masaccio, in painting, Donatello, in sculpture, and Brunelleschi, in architecture. At the same time the humanist philosopher, artist, and writer Leon Baptista Alberti recorded many of the new ideas in his treatises on painting, sculpture, and architecture. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast the priorities of the northern and southern Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast the priorities of the northern and southern Renaissance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast the priorities of the northern and southern Renaissance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These ideas soon became widespread in Italy, and many new centres of patronage formed. In the 16th century Rome superseded Florence as the chief centre of activity and innovation, and became the capital of the High Renaissance. The cultures throughout Europe were hugely diverse and have remained so to this present day. So therefore it is highly likely that the renaissance took on different meanings and interpretations throughout Europe. In northern Europe the Renaissance spirit is apparent in the painting of the van Eyck brothers in the early 15th century. The Italian artists Cellini, Rosso Fiorentino, and Primaticcio took the Renaissance to France through their work at Fontainebleau. The ideas, concepts, understandings and priorities of the renaissance could not have been the same throughout a continent that differed in social, cultural, political and religious issues. So there is no query that the artistic renaissance originated in Italy. And this change in Art had a huge impact on art in the north. Artists in the rest of Europe were impressed by the new ideas on art from Italy. Italy therefore attracted many of the great artists from elsewhere in Europe. When we look at the works of art during the renaissance in both Italy and the north, we can see that they both set out to achieve the same goals more or less, such as, an interest in individual consciousness and a desire to make images of the visible world, often portraying a religious scene, more believable and accessible. 1 However there are many striking differences in methods and techniques due to a manifold of reasons. Because the patrons in the north tended to be of the bourgeois class, rather that religious or noble, the artists that they sponsored, painted for civic or even domestic display. Communities commissioned works for their chapels and town halls. This could be the reason why the works of art from the northern renaissance were often on a smaller scale than those from the Italian renaissance. There was a frequent use of grisaille to portray a more sculptured look on the triptych covers. The climate had a great impact on the methods of painting in the north and south. Frescoing was more common in Italy as the warm climate enabled the paintings to dry quicker, whereas with the damp, colder climate of the north, frescoes took longer to dry. The artists wanted to meet public demand and thus produced smaller, mobile works of art. It is also clear that the northern artists and patrons were concerned about their social status. They wanted to show their current and even potential social positions. The Italian artists seemed somewhat oblivious to their step on the social ladder. Symbolism seemed central to the northern artistic renaissance. One example of this is Holbeins The Ambassador, which features a number of valuable objects, which attempt to display the status of the subjects and their interests in intellectual matters. The northern artists crowded their paintings with many minor details in the background and on the subject matter with the aim of displaying their wealth. The Italian artists did not feel the need to include these small objects of everyday use when depicting biblical scenes or in their portraits of their wealthy sponsors. It is therefore clear that both the northern artists and the Italian artists aimed to achieve a sense of realism and credibility in their work, but they both contained many unique features, which differed greatly from each other. One of the key features of the renaissance is Humanism. This is associated more with the northern renaissance. Humanists believed that God had given each person free will and that it was up to everybody to use their talents to the full and to achieve their true potential. When we think of humanism, we think of the famous Erasmus, Petrarch or Moore. These humanists played an important role in the renaissance. Erasmus had a thorough training in the classic authors as well as in the languages and grammar, which he mobilised in the cause of Christian scholarship. He was probably the greatest classical scholar of his age and he used his knowledge of Greek and Latin sources to demonstrate the profound effect of ancient culture on Christianity. He believed that the classics could inspire good taste, stimulate sound and clear thinking and could cultivate clear, accurate and precise verbal and written expression. He also believed that their study along with the Bible would promote greater religious devotion and goodness. This piety through literature was the basis of Erasmuss educational philosophy and his religious reformism. Erasmus attacked clerical abuse through his literature, he wrote I could see that the common body of Christians were corrupt not only in its affections, but in its ideas. Like Erasmus, Petrarch restored the Latin classics and he initiated the recovery and revision of ancient texts that followed with the early 15th century. Petrarch would be considered a northern humanist because although he was born in Florence, he was raised in Provence. However although Humanism is associated more with the northern renaissance, the humanists of Italy had similar beliefs Alberti of Florence believed that each person was responsible for their own destiny. The longing to come to terms with the way in which the world worked was an essential attribute in the learning of the renaissance, and it is certainly no big shock that important scientific developments occurred during the 15th and 16th centuries. Although Columbus was born in Italy, he would be associated with the northern renaissance, as his culture was purely Spanish. All his letters, even those addressed to Italians, were in Spanish. His studies of the Pole Star led him to the conclusion that the Earth was pear-shaped. Another man from the northern renaissance was Copernicus from Poland. Copernicus was a famous astronomer who by careful observation, with the naked eye, of the phases of an eclipse, he had discovered the dual motion of the planet on their own axes and around the sun. By 1512, he had this system worked out to the smallest detail. However, he hesitated to publish his work as he said, I can well believe that when what I have written becomes known, there will be an uproar. Copernicus changed the way the world thought forever as he argued that the earth was the centre of the universe and not the earth, with the planets and their satellites revolving around it. The amazing thing about he discoveries of Copernicus is that they were the products of pure reason applied to facts known to the ancients and carefully noted by ptolemy2 So it was clear that the northern universities led the way in the new astronomy. It is doubtful whether the cause of scientific development stems greatly from the Italian renaissance. Indeed, it was the thesis of Toffanin that the rise of humanism stifled the sciences in favour of literature. The Germans invented printing and certainly Copernicus was born in Poland, and Francis Bacon precedes Galileo, who only gives a scientific achievement to Italy well into the 17th century, outside the chronological limits usually set to the renaissance. Also an independent spirit of enquiry arose in European biology and medicine. Human dissections were routinely performed from the 14th century and anatomy emerged as a mature science from the eager activity of the Belgian, Andreas Vesalius, whose De humani corporis fabrica is one of the masterpieces of the Scientific Revolution. His achievement was to examine the body itself rather than relying simply on Galen; the illustrations in his work are simultaneously objects of scientific originality and of artistic beauty. The rediscovery of the beauty of the human body by Renaissance artists encouraged the study of anatomy by geniuses such as Leonardo da Vinci. Shortly afterwards, an Englishman, William Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood and established physiology on a scientific footing. His little book De Motu Cordis (1628; On the Motion of the Heart) was the first great work on experimental physiology since the time of Galen. The eccentric wandering Swiss doctor Paracelsus had also deliberately set aside the teachings of Galen and other Ancients in favour of a fresh approach to Nature and medicine and to the search for new remedies for disease. These discoveries were all made by men from the northern renaissance, which may indicate that the renaissance in the north was more concerned with discovery and solving the unknown rather than just art. The Catholic Church was extremely affected by the renaissance too. The renaissance way of think brought about the reformation and there is no doubt that the church could see it coming. Humanists such as Erasmus, Petrarch and Moore questioned the church. They let their beliefs be known that each man controlled his own destiny, and therefore there was no divine rights given to anyone from God. The renaissance was an age of reformers. Above many reforms in art, literature, science and technology was the renewal of the relationship between humanity and God by thoroughly reforming the church. Through reason and education, these humanists aspired to transform not only the church but also society. So in fact it was the northern humanists who paved the way for the reformation. Therefore the Catholic Church faced many threats to its authority during the renaissance period. In both north and south, artists strove to perfect realism in their art and began to analyse nature and the human body. The church had originally exerted control over the masses by keeping them in the dark so to speak, by not encouraging them to investigate, explore or question what they were told. It was not a priority or aim of the northern and southern renaissance to contradict the teachings of the church, but by systematically reasoning and analysing the basic facts of life, they gradually took away the power of the church upon the people. The style of renaissance architecture, which began in 15th-century Italy, was based on the revival of classical, especially Roman, architecture developed by Brunelleschi. It is characterised by a concern with balance, clarity, and proportion, and by the external use of columns and fluted pilasters. Many Roman buildings were still extant in Renaissance Italy and artists and scholars studied their proportions and copied their decorative motifs. The architectural books of the Roman Vitruvius, 1st century AD were made popular by Leon Battista Alberti in his influential treatise De re aedificatoria/On Architecture 1486 but the first major work of the age was the successful construction by Brunelleschi of a dome 1420-34 on Florence Cathedral. Alberti himself designed a new fai ade for Santa Maria Novella, completed 1470, in Florence, and redesigned a church in Rimini subsequently called the Tempio Malatestiano, c. 1450. Bramante came closest to the recreation of classical ideas with works such as the Tempietto of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, c. 1510 and the new basilica of St Peters in Rome, begun 1506. Other Renaissance architects in Italy include Michelangelo, Giulio Romano, Palladio, Vignola, Sangallo, and Raphael. As Renaissance architecture spread throughout the rest of Europe it often acquired a distinctively national character through the influence of indigenous styles. Renaissance architecture in England is exemplified by the Queens House at Greenwich, London, built by Inigo Jones 1637 and in France by the Louvre Palace built for Frani ois I 1546. In Spain, a fusion of Renaissance and Gothic architectural forms led to the flamboyant style called Plateresque, Manuellian in Portugal, typified by the fai de of the university at Salamanca, completed 1529. Overall, we can see that although the renaissance throughout Europe, meant a change in the way people thought, its priorities varied from country to country. The Italian renaissance prioritised their art producing many famous works of art such as de Vincis Mona Lisa, Michaelangelos David and hundreds more, nevertheless, humanism and discovery were not excluded. However the northern renaissance prioritised Humanism and discovery, although playing an important role in renaissance art.

Free Essays on Minimum Wage

The Minimum-Wage Controversy When receiving paychecks, most employees will agree that one can never be paid enough, however, their employers may disagree with that statement and believe that they are getting paid far greater than they are entitled to. Thus creating a conflict between minimum wages. Minimum wage is the least amount of money that an employer may pay their employees. The federal minimum wage that is experienced by many members of the United States, currently is at $5.15, and is under debate as to whether or not it should be raised an additional dollar per hour, to make the minimum wage $6.15 (1). As a result of dissatisfaction with the minimum wage, debates whether or not the wage should be lifted to please more workers are currently taking place. The process to finding the perfect minimum wage to please both employee and employer are still under way, and has been an important controversial issue for many decades. For many, a raise in minimum wage would be fantastic, ma inly employees. For others such as employers, they look down upon the idea of increasing the salary for their workers. The process for increasing the minimum wage would start by paying fifty cents more on January 1st of 2001, and adding the other fifty cents exactly one year later on January 1st of 2002 (1). â€Å"Through this proposal, it would allow for business tax breaks worth $76 billion dollars over ten years, which is down from $122.7 billion in an earlier House version of the bill† (1). As unemployment has reached a recent 30-year low, some employers are looking to change this fact around by hiring in greater numbers (3). But as employers may in fact do try to change this unemployment trend, this also means more money will be spent on trying to match the minimum wage. If they should try and match the minimum wage, the employer will be spending more money just to have more workers that he may not need. Say the minimum wage stayed the same for a while, ... Free Essays on Minimum Wage Free Essays on Minimum Wage It’s Time to Raise the Minimum Wage The current minimum wage does not allow a full-time worker supporting a two-person family to reach the federal poverty line. However, increasing the minimum wage is not a simple undertaking. There are many concerns and questions to address. Business owners are concerned about the expense of raising the minimum wage. Many legislators believe the majority of the minimum wage workforce is teenagers earning money for luxuries. This report will discuss the history of the minimum wage, exceptions to the regulation, demographics of the minimum wage workforce, real value of the minimum wage, and economic feasibility of raising the minimum wage. Based on my research, it is my recommendation that the minimum wage should be raised. The Beginning of the Minimum Wage: The Fair Labor Standards Act The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 set the work week and overtime guidelines, child labor restrictions, and the first minimum wage. Opponents of the act resented the governmental mandates on private business operations. Organized labor unions were concerned that the minimum wage would become a maximum rather than a beginning point. The proponents of the action wished to improve the living conditions of the working poor and create new jobs by shortening hours and setting overtime standards (Cong. Dig., 2000). The federal minimum wage is currently $5.15 per hour. Exceptions to the Minimum Wage Regulation Employers are allowed to pay only 50 percent of the minimum wage to employees who regularly receive $30 per month in tips. The employee must receive at least the minimum wage when the hourly pay and tips are combined. Several states wage/hour laws remove this exception from the law (Cong. Dig, 2000). This exception shifts the burden to pay employees from the employers, to the customers and employees themselves. Earning tips is difficult in businesses with fewer customers, low... Free Essays on Minimum Wage The Minimum-Wage Controversy When receiving paychecks, most employees will agree that one can never be paid enough, however, their employers may disagree with that statement and believe that they are getting paid far greater than they are entitled to. Thus creating a conflict between minimum wages. Minimum wage is the least amount of money that an employer may pay their employees. The federal minimum wage that is experienced by many members of the United States, currently is at $5.15, and is under debate as to whether or not it should be raised an additional dollar per hour, to make the minimum wage $6.15 (1). As a result of dissatisfaction with the minimum wage, debates whether or not the wage should be lifted to please more workers are currently taking place. The process to finding the perfect minimum wage to please both employee and employer are still under way, and has been an important controversial issue for many decades. For many, a raise in minimum wage would be fantastic, ma inly employees. For others such as employers, they look down upon the idea of increasing the salary for their workers. The process for increasing the minimum wage would start by paying fifty cents more on January 1st of 2001, and adding the other fifty cents exactly one year later on January 1st of 2002 (1). â€Å"Through this proposal, it would allow for business tax breaks worth $76 billion dollars over ten years, which is down from $122.7 billion in an earlier House version of the bill† (1). As unemployment has reached a recent 30-year low, some employers are looking to change this fact around by hiring in greater numbers (3). But as employers may in fact do try to change this unemployment trend, this also means more money will be spent on trying to match the minimum wage. If they should try and match the minimum wage, the employer will be spending more money just to have more workers that he may not need. Say the minimum wage stayed the same for a while, ...

I coundn't decide yet. Could you decide Research Paper

I coundn't decide yet. Could you decide - Research Paper Example Lacks died after eight months, but her cells live, the first cell line to survive, cultured in vitro at the Hospital’s laboratory for cervical research and since then literally immortal (Brodwin 2000 54-57). Those cells are still being cultured today and are used for research on cancer, AIDS, various other diseases and gene-related studies. In the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Lacks’ children grieved at the fact that others made a multi-million industry of their mother’s cells while they are living a life of poverty (Skloot 2010). Despite the medical benefits brought about by HeLa, there are those who believe that an ethical breach occurred when Lacks cells were used for research without her and/or her children’s knowledge and consent. According to Anders Nordgren, dialogue, which includes informed consent, is central to ethical research. There is an unwritten agreement among the research community that a research must always be preceded by the consent of the subject concerned (2001 p 128). Informed consent, which involves disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, authorization, and precondition (Nordgren 2008 p. 128), is merely in keeping with the right of a person to privacy, one of the rights mentioned by the 9th Amendment to the Constitution. In the case of Pavesich v New England Life Insurance Company 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905), the Court concluded that the right to privacy is an independent right under a state constitution (Schultz 576). Moreover, modern trends in ethical research suggests the significance and impact of informed consent to the entire family lineage of the individual whose cells are being made a subject of research (Lea et al 1998 p.91). The elements of disclosure and understanding requires that a person must be notified and recognize the various aspects of the research, such as its

Social and Cultural Impact on the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro Essay

Social and Cultural Impact on the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro - Essay Example â€Å"Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil is home to the world's most famous carnival, and what many people consider to be the world's biggest and best party. The basis of Rio’s Carnival is the samba schools, which social clubs are named after the famous Brazilian samba dance† (Richard 2011). Samba schools are found in various places of Rio de Janeiro, and competition between them is fierce. Members work all through the year to make the best floats, themes, costumes, and dance performances. â€Å"Education and rehabilitation are among the primary responsibilities that these samba schools undertake† (About Rio Samba Schools: Understand Overview of Samba Schools 2011). During the four day carnival, schools parade and struggle against each other in the Sambadrome, a building that can hold nearly 60,000 spectators. Millions of people get involved in merry making all through the city, especially on Rio's famous beaches, Copacabana and Ipanema. â€Å"Rio de Janeiro and the carn ival the two attractions are inseparable. Although the carnival in Rio is very commercial nowadays, it still is the carnival in Brazil, even though there are more authentic celebrations held elsewhere. Five days of samba and partying make the event as famous over the world as the World Cup or Olympics. Rio de Janeiro is also an attraction worth of seeing† (Tourism in Brazil Essay 2012). Social Impact on the Carnival of Rio De Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro is remembered for its strange natural beauty and excitement of popular culture. â€Å"Carnival has a different effect on each person, but it was created just with one objective for everyone, and that is to have a lot of fun, to forget our routine life, worries, responsibilities and to adventure at least once in our lives, because this experience no one will ever forget† (Kathyvargas 2004). The city is also marked by tremendous differences, reflecting a high degree of social disparity. The gap between the poor and the rich an d their close geographic nearness, characterized Rio. â€Å"Rio de Janeiro has major social problems, in the same neighborhood, such as Gavea for example, there is a difference that has developed over 60 years. Opposing realities are seen within a few meters of each other. On one side we have the upper class, with its mansions and high levels of education, and on the other side groups who in poor conditions, living in shacks, without even a basic education† (Social Problems in Rio De Janeiro 2012). This chasm of disparity makes many other impacts in the day-to-day city life. Crime, violence, police corruption, drug trafficking, deficiencies in health, inefficient transportation systems defective and education form the crux of Rio’s daily routine. The city has high levels of crime, particularly homicides. â€Å"Between 1978 and 2000, almost 50,000† (The Top 10 Most Dangerous City Breaks 2012) citizens were killed in Rio, the majority of victims being affected by stray bullets, and drug trafficking. There is a huge burden of teenage homicides, the age for the majority at risk in the drug gangs for and those who endure most from police fighting. â€Å"In 2010, Rio received 800.000 visitors during carnival which represents an R$ 950 million industry for the city† (Carnival of Rio De Janeiro 2012). Urban violence is an increasing problem that that has influenced every

Helping Behaviour Based on Gender, Race and Mobility

Helping Behaviour Based on Gender, Race and Mobility HELPING BEHAVIOUR BASED ON GENDER, RACE AND MOBILITY Field study on evaluating helping behaviour based on gender, race and mobility Ravindran Ramkumar Abstract This field study investigated the different factors which influence helping behaviour in humans. The experiment is focused on different factors about willingness to help others based on gender, race of the victim and mobility of the helper. The past studies provided support for the experiment that indicating there is a cause-effect relationship between the situational factors, time pressure and helping behaviour. As Piliavin et al. (1968) focused on all three factors and shows that dispositional factors such as gender are influential as well. In conclusion, situation of the victim, dispositions based on gender and social factors in prioritizing the need are all influential factors, but because of limitations to the studies this can only be applicable in multicultural countries where race is not peculiar discrimination factor. Keywords: Gender, racial discrimantion, mobility of the subjects, time pressure. Introduction Prosocial Behaviour: Prosocial behaviour stems from various motives and helps us attain various goals. For this reason, it is a common and an important aspect of our day-to-day social life. Why do people help? Multiple factors play in influencing whether, and to what extent, people engage in prosocial behaviour Many aspects of the situation and several personal factors are also determining. Prosocialality is a voluntary behaviour that is carried out to benefit of another individual (Bar-Tal, 1976; Mussen Eisenberg-Berg, 1977). This study focuses on various factors of prosocial behaviour. To this end, we revisit several previous experiments, Wade, Carole Tavris (2000) believed that bystanders should be less helpful in groups than alone.This was explained using the concept of diffusion of responsibility in which the outcome is diffused, or spread, among many people.Our hypothesis is about to analyse whether one sex is more prosocial than the other, as it is standard in the literature (Croson and Gneezy, 2009). Men are more likely to help a stranger in need than women (e.g. Bryan and Test, 1967; Ehlert et al., 1973; Gaertner and Bickman, 1971;. Graf and Riddle, 1972; Latane, 1970; Morgan, 1973) contrasty the evidence that female reacts more than men to social and emotional stimuli in many contexts (see e.g. Brody and Hall, 2008, or McManis et al., 2001, among many others). Secondly, whether people are readily come forth to help the same gender or the opposite. As the more people were put under time pressure, the less likely they were to help (Darley and Batson, 1973).Thirdly, we hypothesize testing helping behaviour with respect to mobility and state dispositions of the individual. To deduce the consistency with the above mentioned this paper is presented by a field study. Method Participant The participants in this field study were 40 Common pedestrians roaming around Somerset Orchard Area, Singapore, about forenoon 11.30 AM on a Friday. To maintain standard uniformity the participants were randomly chosen from both genders (20 male and 20 female) who were either mobile or Stationary (20 Walking, 20 Sitting or Standing) ranging from young adults to adults. We also assigned two young adult confederates of both genders one native and one non-native person. Materials and Procedure: In this study, we have divided into two groups with one confederate of a gender and an observer with him/her, both the groups made the experiment at the same time and almost closer location, to ensure the results independent of time and location. The confederate showed a battery drained mobile phone to the participant to build their reputation and approached the participants requesting as â€Å"Excuse me, hi, I’m supposed to be meeting a friend but my phone has run out of battery. Would you mind if I borrowed your phone to make a quick call†. Then the observers out of the participants’ sight had recorded their responses on gender, responses or replies, age range and mobility categories. Result Interpretations The results were as follows, among the total 40 participants, 20 were approached by each gender confederate, so it is necessary to examine the results individually first to draw a general result, when the confederate is a female the result ranges as 7 males of total 10 male (4 stationary) were readily offered the help while 6 female of 10 (4 stationary) had offered, in total 13 (65%) people helped. When the confederate is a male, 5 male out of 10 were ready to help (3 Stationary) and 4 females of 10 helped (3 Stationary), in total 9 people (45%). In general 12 males out of 20 and 10 females of 20 lend their mobile phone. So 60% of male were tend to help a stranger while 50% of female does; of 12 male and 10 female with positive response 14 were stationary (7 male and 7 female, i.e. 58% of male and 70% of female) and 8 were moving (5 male and 3 female, i.e. 42% of male and 30% of female), and the participants expressed a range of responses for readily offering the help to offer help after an inquiry with some questions like â€Å"Is that a Local call?†, Some continued their helping despite of their hurry as they committed to help while being stationary (i.e. While waiting at the pedestrian crossing). No noteworthy differences were found in the responses with respect to nativity of the confederates as the experiment location Singapore is a multi-cultural country were discrimation according to race is widely curtailed. Limitations: In particular, that when the details of the experiment are put into a more â€Å"social frame†, the appearance, approach and language of the confederate may have an influence in the decision making of the participant, factors like the participants personality traits (demographic characteristics, personal motives and personality traits) situational constrains (the bystander is in; are they in a hurry or do they have time to stop and help) environmental factors (Temperature, weather, crowd, culture) may also have critical influence on the helping behaviour Discussion The recorded data have been keenly observed to deduce the results as follows. Since the gender and mobility based differences are minimum, in order to elicit subtle conclusions the percentage differences are to be evaluated. When the confederate is a female, 65% of people tend to help while 45% offered when the confederate is male from this we may resolve that people tend to help a female than a male because of the stereotyping dispositions that helping a female is safe and secure than a male as detailed in the study the type of victim (drunk or ill) and the race of victim (black or white) effect on responding, frequency of responding and the race of the helper, the study also shows that gender is a factor in helping behaviour, and that there was no race distinction. Gender and race are both dispositional factors (Piliavin et al, 1969). When a situation to help others arises 60% male were readily willing while 50% of female helped is consistent with our first hypothesis on whether on e sex is more prosocial than the other. Men are more likely to help a stranger in need than women (e.g. Bryan and Test, 1967; Ehlert et al., 1973; Gaertner and Bickman, 1971;. Graf and Riddle, 1972; Latane, 1970; Morgan, 1973). The Comparitively majority of people, despite of gender was tending to give hand for a help when they were stationary than in a movement which is exactly consistent with the previous study that the more the people under time pressure, the less likely they were to help (Darley and Batson, 1973), But the hypothesized bias on helping behaviour according to gender (i.e. helping same or opposite gender) was not significantly detected. Conclusion Consistent with previous studies, we can conclude that male are more likely to help strangers than female, and in sum, the people were more ready to offer help to a female than a male and the state of mobitity indeed have a significant difference in helping behaviour proving that people tend to help others in their happiness and relaxed state. Reference Wade, Carole Tavris, Carol. (2000) Psychology Sixth Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper  Saddle River, 2000. Espinosa M and Kovarik J (2015) Prosocial behaviour and gender. Front. Behav. Neurosci.  9:88. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00088. Alice H. Eagly and Maureen Crowley, (1986) Gender and Helping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Social Psychological Literature, Psychological Bulletin 1986, No.1. 100, No. 3,283-308. John M Darley C Daniel Batson, (1973), From Jerusalem to Jericho, A Study of situational  and dispositional variables in helping behaviour; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, Vol. 27, No.1, 100-108. Nancy Eisenberg and Paul A. Miller, (1987), The Relation of Empathy to Prosocial and  Related Behaviors, Arizona State University, Psychological Bulletin 1987, Vol. 101, No. 1.91-119. ErnstFehr And UrsFischbacher, (2003), The Nature Of Human Altruism, Nature 425, 785 –  791 (23 October 2003); Doi:10.1038/Nature02043 Hans-Werner Bierhoff, (2002), Prosocial Behaviour, Taylor and Francis Group Psychology  press, ISBN 0-203-98942-2 Master e-book ISBN. Personality And Social Psychology, Altruism And Prosocial Behavior, John Wiley Sons,  Inc. Chapter 19, Pg. 463 Robert A.Baron, Nyla R. Branscombe, Donn Byrne Gopa Bhardwaj, (2009), Social  Psychology, 12th Edition, Pearson Education Jamie Lynch,, (1998) Effects of Gender and Sex role on Helping Behaviour, Lehigh  University. Paul D. Hastings, Kenneth H. Rubin, Laura Derose,(2005), Links Among Gender,  Inhibition, And Parental Socialization In The Development Of Prosocial Behavior, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 4. Roberts, William, And Sthayer, Janet.(1996), Empathy, Emotional Expressiveness, And  Prosocial Behavior. Child Development, 1996,67,449-470 David Myers,Prem Sahajpal,Pushpita Behera; Social Psychology (English) 10th Edition,  McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited (Words 1602) Appendix A Observations made on the fiels study with respet to the participants’ gender, age group and mobility Group members: Jarinda, Ram, Beth, Devin, Fred. Trial No. 1 Experimenter: Beth Observer: Devin. Date conducted: 20 Mar 2015 Experiment start: 11.10am Experiment end: 12:20pm Location: Orchard Rd, pedestrian path outside Orchard Central Shopping Centre, 181 Orchard Road, S.238896. Appendix B Trail No. 2 Experimenter: Fredrick Observer: Jeranda Ramkumar. Date conducted: 20 Mar 2015 Experiment start: 11.30am Experiment end: 12:50pm Location: Orchard Rd, pedestrian path outside Orchard Central Shopping Centre, 181 Orchard Road, S.238896.

Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs :: Day We Were Dogs Essays

Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs      Ã‚  Ã‚   Writers as well as many people make or mislabel stories. Magical, unreal, real, fantastic, and the sublime are just a few types of different labels that a person can use. The different types of stories are amusing and fun. The world is made up of all types of different labels of material for stories that people like to read and enjoy. Elana Garro is one of the Spanish authors who has written stories that have been mislabeled and put with other stories that were listed under the magical and the unreal. The short story "The Day We Were Dogs" is one of the stories that has been misplaced. Elana Garro wrote this story in 1993. The magical and the unreal of this story could easily be identified; during the first part of the story, the girls woke to find a day with two days inside the day. Now either this situation is unreal or it is crazy. A person can think of a day and then think of the present, or a person can think of the future and be in the present. The thought of two days being together in the same day is ludicrous; the thought of this statement being real is also ludicrous. The real aspect of this story is that the children are pretending to be dogs. The children have wild and creative imaginations. The short story has two children out in the yard with their dog, Toni. While in the yard, the children are talking to the dog and talking among themselves. "Look for your dog name, I'm looking for mine. I'm a dog? Yes were dogs"(208). Children can actually be playing and really think that they are living in their pretend world. They can actually believe that they are really living their imaginations. People who actually read stories question the plot and the story as the story progresses. The characters in the story accept everything; however, they are pretending. Questioning and receiving ideas about time and space with the identity of the characters worked well with the characters of the story. By the experience of being a reader, this person can verify that looking for a plot and the story line is very important. The attitude of the characters of the short story of "The Day We Were Dogs" did well. The way the characters acted through out the story was like real children playing out side with the pet dog.

Healthy Emotional Transition for Mothers, First Week Post-Partum Essay

Emotional is an important aspect of life. We experience joy, anger, and sadness in everyday life. When we do not tend to our emotion needs, psychological complications may occur (Burger & Goddard, 2010). According to health Canada (2009), 16% of women in Canada will experience major depression in the course of their lives. Women experience increased risk for psychological disorders in postpartum period (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). The most common psychological disorders are postpartum blues, postpartum depression (PPD), and postpartum psychosis (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). 75% of women experience postpartum blues, but the symptom is usually mild and can usually improve without professional help (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). A more serious condition is called postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a medical condition that affects about 10% of mothers (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). In this article, I will examine the postpartum depression in relation to the healthy emotional transition. This topic is important because the postpartum depression is more serious and can usually last for months (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), and because postpartum depression can usually be detected and prevented (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) (Garabedian et al. , 2011). The purpose of this paper is to provide the knowledge to prevent PPD. In order to meet the purpose of this paper, I will examine 3 articles that I have chosen from CINAHL and write critical review and relate the information from the article to my own nursing experience. Synthesis These articles offer great in-depth on how to prevent PPD. Wojcicki and Heyman (2011) have reviewed 10 articles and made conclusion that although more studies are needed, high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD. Donaldson-Myles (2011) reviewed on the evidence of breastfeeding and PPD and has found a strong inverse link between the two. Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that women who are victim of violence in adulthood are more likely to suffer from PPD. These 3 articles have contributed to additional information on PPD to what is learned from the textbook. They provide insight on when PPD will likely happen and how to reduce the likelihood. Based on the information on these articles, prevention of PPD would be the top priority in my nursing practice. For example, although it is known from the class that 10% of women will suffer from PPD (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), it is further explained that women suffer multiple abuses should be expected to have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). In the future nursing practice, I will check for signs of injury and the mental state of the client as well as those of her partner’s to make sure that the client does not suffer from violence. I will include breastfeeding and high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid daily as part of my health teaching to reduce the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The questions that have emerged from this assignment are many. One question is that even though there are ways to reduce the risks of PPD, what is the sure way of preventing it? Another question is that Wojcicki & Heyman (2011) has found that high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD, does taking too much omega-3 have any side effects? Thirdly, what should I do to reduce PPD if the client refuses to breastfeed? The first 4 weeks of this course has provided me with foundation of caring for postpartum mothers. I learned the basic cares and assessments for postpartum mothers. Those 3 literatures provide me with further knowledge of psychological aspect postpartum mother and made me look for signs of trouble. For example, Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that single mothers, smokers, and women of young age are more likely to experience violence, hence more likelihood of PPD. During my first week of practicum, the first mother that I examined was recently single, had to go out to smoke during my visit and was 26 years old. At that time, she looked perfectly fine and well composed and was reading her self-help book. I thought that she was going to be fine with her postpartum life. If I possessed this piece of knowledge back then, I would recognize her has high-risk for postpartum depression and offer her additional information on how to deal with psychological changes. During the week of my health teaching, I had the privilege of witnessing childbirth and caring for the mother and the child for the day. I used Watson’s caritas process 3, which is â€Å"developing and sustaining a helping trusting authentic caring relationship† (Jesse, 2010). From the moment I walked into the delivery room, I kept reminding myself that helping the patient was my first priority, and that anything that I could learn was just a bonus and should not interfere with the woman’s needs. Therefore, after I introduced myself, I used the technique of using silence and avoid looking at the woman’s exposed body parts because I thought it would create more tension for the woman (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I kept quiet till the family finally thought that I was trustworthy. During the teaching, I used Watson’s caritas process 7, which is â€Å"Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others’ frame of reference† (Jesse, 2010). Since the family looked very educated, I shared my observation on their knowledge to help communicate (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I used terms such as â€Å"you might already know this† to make myself less lecturing. My patient was very willing to listen to what I had to say because I was very helpful in their delivery and they knew that my teaching was an assignment for school. They asked me a few questions regarding to how to deal with postpartum blues and appeared genuinely interested in my presences. I thought my teaching was effective because firstly I was very nice and humble towards them. Secondly, I received feedback from them in term of questions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Effective communication involves dialogues in both directions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Conclusion Postpartum period is a difficult time for a woman (Evans, 2010). The body has to undergo physiological and psychological changes (Evans, 2010). Several factors influence the psychological changes. From my reading of the articles, it is learned that breastfeeding and high intake of omega-3 fatty acid reduces the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011), and that violence victim have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). As a nurse, one has to stay vigilant on client’s behavior, diet, and environment and reduce the likelihood of PPD by informing the patient the benefit of breastfeeding, the benefit of omega-3 fatty acid, and by assessing the patient’s living environment. Reviews The key points of this article is that women who breastfeed are less likely to suffer from postpartum depression notwithstanding the old researches proving otherwise and that breastfeeding provides protection that lasts up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles, 2011).. The intended audiences of this article are midwives (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The limitations of this study is the defining the postpartum depression and defining breastfeeding. In some of the study, some people are â€Å"mixed† feeding, which can confuse the result (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). There is also no clear, universally defined method on how to breastfeed in all the studies (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The definition of postpartum depression is also unclear (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). Although most studies use the Edinburgh depression scale, some of the depression symptom may be just due to lack of sleep or religious factors (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The cut-off point for depression is also not the same across all the studies, with some using the cut-off point of 13 for depression and some using 12 as cut-off point (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). This research is done in Britain (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing because both countries share the same culture and customs. The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to advocate on breastfeeding in our patient care. Since breastfeeding can offer protection from postpartum depression up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles,2011), we need to make sure that the clients know the benefit of breastfeeding and make sure that they can breastfeed properly. The key points of this article are that taking high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplement reduce the risk for postpartum depression (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) and that moderate amount shows no effect (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) . The intended audience of the article is for the researchers who intend to do more research on the correlation omega-3 and postpartum health (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The limitation of this research is that it is a review of other journals. Thus the author does not have raw data from the research (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research is done department of pediatrics, university of California, San Francisco, California, USA (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research applies to Canadian content because of the proximity of two countries. One limitation of this research is that it is a review of other articles (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The author does not have the primary data from all the studies. Another limitation of this research is that the dosage of omega-3 fatty acid is not the same in all the studies. Some studies take 100mg daily, others take 500 mg daily and there are also recommendations for 2g/day (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The key points of this article is that women who are the victim of violence are more likely to self-report postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) and that the more types of violence experience, the more likelihood of self-reported postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011), and that the likelihood of postpartum depression strongly correlates to the race, marital status, education, and the usage of drugs (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The intended audiences of the article are for the medical professionals who are screening depression for postpartum women. The limitation of this study is that this is composed of mostly online questionnaires (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011); therefore, false data can appear in the data collection. For example, postpartum blue can be mistaken as postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). Secondly, this is survey has a difficult time distinguishing disciplinary action and child abuse (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). For example, any hit from the guardian could be considered as child abuse in this survey (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). This research is done in Kentucky, USA (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing practice because 5%-50% of women experience abuse in their lifetime (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to check for evidence of abuse as part of nursing assessment. For example, suspicious bruises should be reported. Since violence is strongly correlated to postpartum depression, we need to make sure that the clients with history of abuse can get help in the postpartum period (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) .

Student Viewpoints On Remediation Process - 1452 Words

Student viewpoints on remediation processes at Metro Middle school Gabe Fish (Student, Metro Middle School), Joshua Levy (Student, Metro Middle School), Mathis Moore (Student, Metro Middle School), Evan Petruskevich (Student, Metro Middle School). Metro Early College Middle School students were asked if they were happy with current remediation processes. We also asked if it should be more uniform. The purpose of the study is to determine if an optimized, uniform process is needed, and what that process should be. We personally feel that the process is flawed, and are looking for a solution. The data is positive for people being happy with the current remediation processes. However, the data is also positive for remediation being†¦show more content†¦Hence, remediation. Studies have shown (Davis, Mastery learning in public schools) that the mastery system is effective, if students are allowed a second chance to rectify mistakes. Other studies have found that the remediation process can become ‘multiple and unwieldy’(Hannon, Lead ership) if left without a strong structure. The hypothesis of our study was Students are unhappy with their current remediation and would like it to be uniform. We planned to use this hypothesis to benefit the students of the Metro Middle School in their academic studies and help us at the same time. We researched our data by looking for information on how other schools help their students with make up work, as that is what our remediation is to a standard school. We had to be specific in what we were searching as the something like remediation was not the same as remediation in other schools. Our research was influenced by our hypothesis because we looked at how some other schools had solved the problem we hoped to fix at metro. We set up our survey for the students to not only ask if it would be more convenient for them if the remediation was uniform. But asked them if they were happy with a remediation process in one of their classes already.The