Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs :: Day We Were Dogs Essays

Misunderstanding The Day We Were Dogs      Ã‚  Ã‚   Writers as well as many people make or mislabel stories. Magical, unreal, real, fantastic, and the sublime are just a few types of different labels that a person can use. The different types of stories are amusing and fun. The world is made up of all types of different labels of material for stories that people like to read and enjoy. Elana Garro is one of the Spanish authors who has written stories that have been mislabeled and put with other stories that were listed under the magical and the unreal. The short story "The Day We Were Dogs" is one of the stories that has been misplaced. Elana Garro wrote this story in 1993. The magical and the unreal of this story could easily be identified; during the first part of the story, the girls woke to find a day with two days inside the day. Now either this situation is unreal or it is crazy. A person can think of a day and then think of the present, or a person can think of the future and be in the present. The thought of two days being together in the same day is ludicrous; the thought of this statement being real is also ludicrous. The real aspect of this story is that the children are pretending to be dogs. The children have wild and creative imaginations. The short story has two children out in the yard with their dog, Toni. While in the yard, the children are talking to the dog and talking among themselves. "Look for your dog name, I'm looking for mine. I'm a dog? Yes were dogs"(208). Children can actually be playing and really think that they are living in their pretend world. They can actually believe that they are really living their imaginations. People who actually read stories question the plot and the story as the story progresses. The characters in the story accept everything; however, they are pretending. Questioning and receiving ideas about time and space with the identity of the characters worked well with the characters of the story. By the experience of being a reader, this person can verify that looking for a plot and the story line is very important. The attitude of the characters of the short story of "The Day We Were Dogs" did well. The way the characters acted through out the story was like real children playing out side with the pet dog.

Healthy Emotional Transition for Mothers, First Week Post-Partum Essay

Emotional is an important aspect of life. We experience joy, anger, and sadness in everyday life. When we do not tend to our emotion needs, psychological complications may occur (Burger & Goddard, 2010). According to health Canada (2009), 16% of women in Canada will experience major depression in the course of their lives. Women experience increased risk for psychological disorders in postpartum period (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). The most common psychological disorders are postpartum blues, postpartum depression (PPD), and postpartum psychosis (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). 75% of women experience postpartum blues, but the symptom is usually mild and can usually improve without professional help (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). A more serious condition is called postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a medical condition that affects about 10% of mothers (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). In this article, I will examine the postpartum depression in relation to the healthy emotional transition. This topic is important because the postpartum depression is more serious and can usually last for months (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), and because postpartum depression can usually be detected and prevented (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) (Garabedian et al. , 2011). The purpose of this paper is to provide the knowledge to prevent PPD. In order to meet the purpose of this paper, I will examine 3 articles that I have chosen from CINAHL and write critical review and relate the information from the article to my own nursing experience. Synthesis These articles offer great in-depth on how to prevent PPD. Wojcicki and Heyman (2011) have reviewed 10 articles and made conclusion that although more studies are needed, high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD. Donaldson-Myles (2011) reviewed on the evidence of breastfeeding and PPD and has found a strong inverse link between the two. Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that women who are victim of violence in adulthood are more likely to suffer from PPD. These 3 articles have contributed to additional information on PPD to what is learned from the textbook. They provide insight on when PPD will likely happen and how to reduce the likelihood. Based on the information on these articles, prevention of PPD would be the top priority in my nursing practice. For example, although it is known from the class that 10% of women will suffer from PPD (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), it is further explained that women suffer multiple abuses should be expected to have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). In the future nursing practice, I will check for signs of injury and the mental state of the client as well as those of her partner’s to make sure that the client does not suffer from violence. I will include breastfeeding and high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid daily as part of my health teaching to reduce the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The questions that have emerged from this assignment are many. One question is that even though there are ways to reduce the risks of PPD, what is the sure way of preventing it? Another question is that Wojcicki & Heyman (2011) has found that high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD, does taking too much omega-3 have any side effects? Thirdly, what should I do to reduce PPD if the client refuses to breastfeed? The first 4 weeks of this course has provided me with foundation of caring for postpartum mothers. I learned the basic cares and assessments for postpartum mothers. Those 3 literatures provide me with further knowledge of psychological aspect postpartum mother and made me look for signs of trouble. For example, Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that single mothers, smokers, and women of young age are more likely to experience violence, hence more likelihood of PPD. During my first week of practicum, the first mother that I examined was recently single, had to go out to smoke during my visit and was 26 years old. At that time, she looked perfectly fine and well composed and was reading her self-help book. I thought that she was going to be fine with her postpartum life. If I possessed this piece of knowledge back then, I would recognize her has high-risk for postpartum depression and offer her additional information on how to deal with psychological changes. During the week of my health teaching, I had the privilege of witnessing childbirth and caring for the mother and the child for the day. I used Watson’s caritas process 3, which is â€Å"developing and sustaining a helping trusting authentic caring relationship† (Jesse, 2010). From the moment I walked into the delivery room, I kept reminding myself that helping the patient was my first priority, and that anything that I could learn was just a bonus and should not interfere with the woman’s needs. Therefore, after I introduced myself, I used the technique of using silence and avoid looking at the woman’s exposed body parts because I thought it would create more tension for the woman (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I kept quiet till the family finally thought that I was trustworthy. During the teaching, I used Watson’s caritas process 7, which is â€Å"Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others’ frame of reference† (Jesse, 2010). Since the family looked very educated, I shared my observation on their knowledge to help communicate (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I used terms such as â€Å"you might already know this† to make myself less lecturing. My patient was very willing to listen to what I had to say because I was very helpful in their delivery and they knew that my teaching was an assignment for school. They asked me a few questions regarding to how to deal with postpartum blues and appeared genuinely interested in my presences. I thought my teaching was effective because firstly I was very nice and humble towards them. Secondly, I received feedback from them in term of questions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Effective communication involves dialogues in both directions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Conclusion Postpartum period is a difficult time for a woman (Evans, 2010). The body has to undergo physiological and psychological changes (Evans, 2010). Several factors influence the psychological changes. From my reading of the articles, it is learned that breastfeeding and high intake of omega-3 fatty acid reduces the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011), and that violence victim have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). As a nurse, one has to stay vigilant on client’s behavior, diet, and environment and reduce the likelihood of PPD by informing the patient the benefit of breastfeeding, the benefit of omega-3 fatty acid, and by assessing the patient’s living environment. Reviews The key points of this article is that women who breastfeed are less likely to suffer from postpartum depression notwithstanding the old researches proving otherwise and that breastfeeding provides protection that lasts up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles, 2011).. The intended audiences of this article are midwives (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The limitations of this study is the defining the postpartum depression and defining breastfeeding. In some of the study, some people are â€Å"mixed† feeding, which can confuse the result (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). There is also no clear, universally defined method on how to breastfeed in all the studies (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The definition of postpartum depression is also unclear (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). Although most studies use the Edinburgh depression scale, some of the depression symptom may be just due to lack of sleep or religious factors (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The cut-off point for depression is also not the same across all the studies, with some using the cut-off point of 13 for depression and some using 12 as cut-off point (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). This research is done in Britain (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing because both countries share the same culture and customs. The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to advocate on breastfeeding in our patient care. Since breastfeeding can offer protection from postpartum depression up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles,2011), we need to make sure that the clients know the benefit of breastfeeding and make sure that they can breastfeed properly. The key points of this article are that taking high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplement reduce the risk for postpartum depression (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) and that moderate amount shows no effect (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) . The intended audience of the article is for the researchers who intend to do more research on the correlation omega-3 and postpartum health (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The limitation of this research is that it is a review of other journals. Thus the author does not have raw data from the research (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research is done department of pediatrics, university of California, San Francisco, California, USA (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research applies to Canadian content because of the proximity of two countries. One limitation of this research is that it is a review of other articles (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The author does not have the primary data from all the studies. Another limitation of this research is that the dosage of omega-3 fatty acid is not the same in all the studies. Some studies take 100mg daily, others take 500 mg daily and there are also recommendations for 2g/day (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The key points of this article is that women who are the victim of violence are more likely to self-report postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) and that the more types of violence experience, the more likelihood of self-reported postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011), and that the likelihood of postpartum depression strongly correlates to the race, marital status, education, and the usage of drugs (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The intended audiences of the article are for the medical professionals who are screening depression for postpartum women. The limitation of this study is that this is composed of mostly online questionnaires (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011); therefore, false data can appear in the data collection. For example, postpartum blue can be mistaken as postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). Secondly, this is survey has a difficult time distinguishing disciplinary action and child abuse (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). For example, any hit from the guardian could be considered as child abuse in this survey (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). This research is done in Kentucky, USA (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing practice because 5%-50% of women experience abuse in their lifetime (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to check for evidence of abuse as part of nursing assessment. For example, suspicious bruises should be reported. Since violence is strongly correlated to postpartum depression, we need to make sure that the clients with history of abuse can get help in the postpartum period (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) .

Student Viewpoints On Remediation Process - 1452 Words

Student viewpoints on remediation processes at Metro Middle school Gabe Fish (Student, Metro Middle School), Joshua Levy (Student, Metro Middle School), Mathis Moore (Student, Metro Middle School), Evan Petruskevich (Student, Metro Middle School). Metro Early College Middle School students were asked if they were happy with current remediation processes. We also asked if it should be more uniform. The purpose of the study is to determine if an optimized, uniform process is needed, and what that process should be. We personally feel that the process is flawed, and are looking for a solution. The data is positive for people being happy with the current remediation processes. However, the data is also positive for remediation being†¦show more content†¦Hence, remediation. Studies have shown (Davis, Mastery learning in public schools) that the mastery system is effective, if students are allowed a second chance to rectify mistakes. Other studies have found that the remediation process can become ‘multiple and unwieldy’(Hannon, Lead ership) if left without a strong structure. The hypothesis of our study was Students are unhappy with their current remediation and would like it to be uniform. We planned to use this hypothesis to benefit the students of the Metro Middle School in their academic studies and help us at the same time. We researched our data by looking for information on how other schools help their students with make up work, as that is what our remediation is to a standard school. We had to be specific in what we were searching as the something like remediation was not the same as remediation in other schools. Our research was influenced by our hypothesis because we looked at how some other schools had solved the problem we hoped to fix at metro. We set up our survey for the students to not only ask if it would be more convenient for them if the remediation was uniform. But asked them if they were happy with a remediation process in one of their classes already.The

Case Study Mgm Grand Faces - 1282 Words

Possible Solutions Financially, MGM has not been affected by the incidents experienced in the past with fire safety, a build-up of negative perception of MGM Grand will eventually harm the company. A short-term recommendation has been developed that, when implemented, will not be able to make up for the losses that have occurred, but will help ease the consumer’s minds and perceptions of MGM Grand. A separate long-term recommendation will be presented to help solve the ethical dilemmas that MGM Grand faces. The following recommendations will be implemented through a top-down approach, starting with James J. Murren, the Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer for MGM Resort International. The recommendations will then work their way down the executive parties by branching off into each subsidiary branch and their individual human resource structures getting to Robert H Baldwin, chief design of construction officer, then lastly Rose McKinney- James, director of policy in public affairs. MGM Grand and International will then take the necessary steps to implement the recommendations to each of the brands that make up MGM. Crisis Management Teams A recommendations is the implementation of a Crisis Management Program. MGM Grand did not do everything in their power to handle the situation when incidents, such as the fire of 1980 occurred. 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Steven Wynn moved to Las Vegas in 1967 and after investing in land on the strip he later opened up the Mirage, followed by Treasure Island and the Bellagio. The MGM Mirage was createdRead MoreBrief History And Evolution Of Las Vegas4044 Words   |  17 Pageslarge hotels. He was immediately turned down but was not discouraged. Siegel took over a casino project in 1946 and completed it in two parts via money from his alleged mob involvement. The casino, theater, and restaurants were all completed for the grand opening in 1946 but the hotel rooms were not open to the public until the following year. 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When Mark Cuban purchased the Dallas Mavericks on January 14, 2000, the face of the organization began to change immediately. Once again Mavericks games had a party atmosphere as Reunion Arena rocked with the return of the Reunion Rowdies. Mavericks games became more than just ordinary NBA games - they were a total entertainmentRead MoreMark Cuban Bio1892 Words   |  8 Pagesenthusiastic attitude, he is just one of the fans. Cuban is an enthusiastic NBA owner who, instead of being a faceless front-office type, is his teams biggest and most vocal fan. When Mark Cuban purchased the Dallas Mavericks on January 14, 2000, the face of the organization began to change immediately. Once again Mavericks games had a party atmosphere as Reunion Arena rocked with the return of the Reunion Rowdies. Mavericks games became more than just ordinary NBA games - they were a total entertainmentRead MoreCasino Industry Strategy Case Study Essay6573 Words   |  27 Pagesmillion a year in that country. 3. 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Instead of being considered as just another circus company in a decliningRead MoreFtv 106a Ess ay9564 Words   |  39 PagesFTV 106A – Midterm Study Guide TA: Matthew Perkins 1A IDs – People to Know: †¢ Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) o Born in Britain, emigrated to US early in life, by the 1870s had become a very prominent photographer, mostly photographed nature and animals; very well known o 1872 – Leland Stanford (one of the richest in the state) questions whether or not a horse has all its feet off the ground when it gallops, hired Muybridge to take pictures of racehorses and prove or disprove this o 1877 –Read MoreEuro Disney Case Study12599 Words   |  51 Pagescase fourteen Euro Disney: From Dream to Nightmare, 1987–94 Robert M. Grant At the press conference announcing Euro Disneyland SCA’s financial results for the year ended September 30, 1994, CEO Philippe Bourguignon summed up the year in succinct terms: â€Å"The best thing about 1994 is that it’s over.† In fact, the results for the year were better than many of Euro Disneyland’s long-suffering shareholders had predicted. Although revenues were down 15 percent – the result of falling visitor numbers

Essay about Illusion vs. Reality in Macbeth - 1737 Words

Reality is the state of being real or actual, whereas an illusion is a mental misinterpretation of what is believed to be true. Illusions often prevent people from perceiving reality and objective truths, which consequently results in delusions, and in some cases, tragedies. In Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare, the theme of illusion versus reality is overtly evident in the main character, Macbeth. Macbeth frequently misinterprets illusions as the actual reality due to possessing such an untamed ambition, which ultimately ends up resulting in a series of tragic and horrific events, for Macbeth and his victims. Macbeth’s ambition first leads him into believing that he is destined to become King of Scotland, which results in†¦show more content†¦If good, why do I yield to that suggestion Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair And make my seated heart knock at my ribs, Against the use of nature? Present fears Are less than horrible imaginings.† (I, iii, 137-142). Macbeth subconsciously knows that he may have to kill Duncan in order to pursue the third prophecy, as it is Duncan who is presently king, and the only way for Macbeth to obtain Duncan’s title is if Duncan were to die and lose his title. In this scenario, Macbeth has thoughts of himself being the cause of Duncan’s death, in order to have Duncan’s title passed on to him. Macbeth is soon outraged to discover that Duncan has announced his son Malcolm as the future King of Scotland, Prince of Cumberland, as Malcolm now stands in his way of pursuing the actualization of the third prophecy. When Lady Macbeth receives news of the witches’ three prophecies and the fulfillment of the second prophecy, the enormity of her ambition to make Macbeth become King of Scotland leads her into plotting out the murder of Duncan. When Macbeth hears of Lady Macbeth’s plans to kill Duncan, he is at first unwilling to go through such horrific and drastic measures in ord er to obtain a royal title. 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Instead of knowing the reality of a situation, people’s thoughts are sometimes shifted to see only what they appear, leaving them blindsided to the real truth behind whats really going on. Appearance versus Reality is first seen when king Duncan misjudges Macbeth’s intentions and is blindsided toRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1571 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth, written by William Shakespeare, is the telling of a tragic tale that encompasses the necessities needed to showcase the impact king Duncan’s death has as the play develops. As the play evolves, it conveys Macbeth’s overwhelming loss for power, showcasing how this fatal flaw leads to his destruction. After murdering king Duncan and taking the throne of Scotland, Macbeth becomes a tyrant and it is displayed how significantly traumatised he becomes by his decision. 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Business Ethics Drug or Medical Device

Questions: Section A Read the following news item and answer the questions: 1. Suppose that Medtronic did promote the off-label use of its products as alleged by Lew. What are the main ethical issues raised by the promotion of its products for unapproved uses? Do you think that such practices are morally permissible or unethical? Provide detailed reasons to support your conclusions.2. Lawyers for UCLA claim that both Lew and Weiss were made aware of the nature and risks of the surgery and that they both signed consent forms to this effect. Does this absolve the surgeons and/or Medtronic of moral responsibility for the harms caused to Lew and Weiss as a result of the surgery? Why/Why not?3. In the US it is illegal to promote off-label use of products. Would it make a difference to your assessment of the case if such activities were not against the law? Why/Why not? Section B Watch or read the transcript of the following program and answer the questions: 4. Do large food and beverage companies have any moral obligation or responsibility to consider the consequences for public health of marketing and distributing certain kinds of food and drink products? Why/Why not? Answer this question using examples from the documentary to support your conclusions. 5. The program describes a range of marketing techniques used by food and beverage companies in different countries: the marketing of soft drinks to schools in Mexico; the door to door selling of snack foods fortified with micronutrients and marketed to low income families in Brazil; a snack food boat that visits small villages along the Amazon to promote and sell food and drinks. Do you find any of these marketing techniques morally problematic? Explain in each case, why or why not. Section C 6. Compare your responses to the two cases. Do you apply the same principles and standards of conduct to medical device companies as you do to food and beverage companies? What are the morally relevant differences/similarities between the two cases? Answers: Section A 1. When a drug or medical device is used on a category of person on whom it has not yet been authorized to be used, it is known as off label use of drug. The off-label use of drug is not always illegal unless such use is accompanied with violation of ethical codes and safety regulations for the public. The promotion of off level use of drugs by a drug manufacturing company is illegal and unethical. This is not permitted even if the use of that drug is backed by scientific reasons. The use of off label drug by a doctor can be allowed in certain circumstances but the promotion of these drugs can lead to encouragement of doctors to use off label drugs on unapproved patients. Such activities are completely unethical because, if the company offers benefits to the doctors against the promotion of off label drugs the doctors will be tempted to use them more frequently and sometimes unnecessarily (Tetsuro , 2015). 2. According to the claim of UCLA, the victims Lew and Weiss were made aware of the risks involved in the surgery (Times, 2016). This information or awareness does not by any chance remove the liability of Dr. Wang to conduct the surgery with utmost care and diligence. The victims had laid their trust in the hospital and the doctor and it is their moral duty to live up to their expectations and do operate without thinking about any personal gains which may have the slightest chance of causing harm to the victims. The $10000 accepted by Dr. Wang given by Medtronic caused a conflict of interest and may have caused the doctor to use the off-label medical device on the victims, which ultimately caused harm to them. 3. The United States of America has made it illegal for medical companies to promote off-label drugs. In many countries, this provision is not available and the companies are actually not barred for promoting off-label drugs if their use is not harmful in nature. Whether these activities are illegal or not is a different question. Even if they are legal, the promotion of off-label drugs cannot be ethical. This type of promotion can make the doctors greedy and they will not do their duty with diligence. This will tempt them to use the off-label drug by the company even when it is not needed so that it increases the sale. This type of unapproved drug use can lead to serious health issues among patients. Section B 4. The market of modern food and beverages industries is growing at a very rapid rate but at the cost of serious health issues to its consumers. Statistics show that the percentage of obese people around the world is increasing day by day. Product such as carbonated soft drinks, fried snacks and other fast food items are very dense in calories and low on their nutritional value. These products when consumed lead to gradual weigh gain and which eventually results in obesity. Not only obesity these foods also cause serious problems like obesity, heart diseases and even cancer. As per the provided documentary Fabiana Gomes has a body mass index of 50.5, which is way above the normal range of 25. She has gained all the weight because of ever eating and now is finding it difficult to get it off even with the help of diets and exercise (Globesity, 2016) These companies have the moral obligation mention the adverse effects of their products like the tobacco and alcohol companies do. These companies should also take the initiative to spread the awareness about the ill effects of over consuming their product. 5. The marketing strategies used by these companies towards the sale of their products have changed in the recent years. Now the companies are using strategies such as door-to-door selling, food boats and selling products in school. These products have very little or no micronutrients and are low in cost. The company has a moral duty of prohibiting the occurrence of serious health issues in its consumers. By using these marketing strategies to increase their sales are resulting in the over consumption of these products by the people which is ultimately leading to diseases like diabetes, cardiac issues, obesity and cancer (Morgen Srensen, 2014). 6. In the first case, the mistake of the doctor can cause instant fatality so it needs to be handled with utmost care as compared to the second case where changes in marketing strategies are the main concern. In the first case, the doctors have a promise towards their patients that they will do their duty with utmost care towards them. They also have the responsibility to remain loyal to their patients and not let any personal benefit become an obstruction in doing their duties with care. In the latter case, the food and beverages companies have the moral responsibility to provide utility to its consumers as well as to prevent any harm to their health in relation to their products consumed by them. Bibliography: Globesity - Fat's New Frontier - Foreign Correspondent - ABC. (2016). Abc.net.au. Retrieved 5 November 2016, from https://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2012/s3547707.htm Moodie, R., Stuckler, D., Monteiro, C., Sheron, N., Neal, B., Thamarangsi, T., ... Lancet NCD Action Group. (2013). Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries.The Lancet,381(9867), 670-679. Morgen, C. S., Srensen, T. I. (2014). Obesity: global trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,10(9), 513-514. Neville, K. A., Frattarelli, D. A., Galinkin, J. L., Green, T. P., Johnson, T. D., Paul, I. M., Van Den Anker, J. N. (2014). Off-label use of drugs in children.Pediatrics,133(3), 563-567. Tetsuro, H. I. R. A. N. O. (2015). A Structure of Doctor?s Civil Liabilities: In Search of a Contract-based Uniformed Legal Framework Best Serving Both Doctors and Patients. Times, L. (2016). Regents OK $8.5 million for 2 patients suing over financial conflicts at UCLA. latimes.com. Retrieved 5 November 2016, from https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ucla-wang-medtronics-20160729-snap-story.html

title IX Essays (1732 words) - 92nd United States Congress

Twenty-five years have passed, but the celebration is no victory party. For all the progress women have made, they are still far behind the men on the playing field. A vast number of colleges and universities are still not in compliance with Title IX, which prohibits sex discrimination at any educational institution that receives Federal funds. Title IX applies to all educational programs, although it has become the standard-bearer for women?s athletics. The following words lie at the heart of what is perhaps the most controversial and most important rules in all college athletics- Title IX states, ?No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance,? was signed into law as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. Since most schools and universities receive some financial assistance through title or chapter funds, research grants, or Pell grant financial aid programs, they must comply with the mandates of the law. After more than 25 years, one would assume that all educational institutions would have had sufficient time to address inequities of opportunity and treatment within their athletic programs. However, with an estimated 93% of colleges still out of compliance in at least one of the three components mandated by the law, it is obvious that there remains a long road ahead before equity is achieved. So what exactly are these components (W.I.N.N., 66). Title IX is composed of three separate components: I-Accommodation of Interests and Abilities; II-Athletic Financial Assistance: Scholarships; and m-Other Program Areas: Treatment. Currently, Component II pertains to higher education, but with various governmental bodies considering tuition credits, it could apply to secondary schools as well. The three components are evaluated separately, with an independent decision reached for each one. Thus, even though a school might be in compliance with two of the three, it still is considered to be out of compliance. The Components are explained: Component I. Most lawsuits result from challenges to Component I, whereby an educational institution must meet the requirements in one of three different tests. Prong one, the proportionality test, indicates that athletic participation rates must be within five percent of the enrollment for that sex. Since most schools and universities do not meet that standard , they could satisfy Prong two, provided they can show a history and continued practiced of program for the underrepresented sex by adding teams within the past three years. Failing to meet one of the first two prongs, an institution may demonstrate compliance by showing that it fully and effectively has accommodated the interests of the underrepresented sex. This would require that every team be offered for which there is sufficient interest and ability, as long as there exists a reasonable expectation of competition within the institution?s typical competitive region. Surveying students and the availability of feeder programs seen in community-based recreational leagues, intramural sports, and elective physical education offerings are used to assess interest. Male?s and female?s abilities are accommodated equitably when the percentage of appropriate level contests does not differ by more than five percent. Component II. Athletic scholarship dollars need to be proportional in relationship to the percentage of male and female athletes. Furthermore, no significant difference should exist in the amount of the average scholarship when comparing male and female athletes. Component III. The third component, Other Programs Areas, dubbed the ?laundry list,? is comprised of 11 separate treatment aspects. While parallel teams are compared (SB-vs-BB, etc.), the compliance decision is based upon a comparison of the entire women?s program with the total men?s program. This permits flexibility, allowing schools to ?showcase? different sports for men and women or offer superior treatment in one area for, say, a male sport, offset by a reduction in quality in a different sport for men. Examples of the 11 program area: A) Equipment and Supplies; B) Game and Practice Schedules; C) Publicity; D) Facilities; E) Coaching; F) Travel and Per Diem, etc. (Lichtman, 63) A number of arguments have been made against equality of men?s and women?s sports. 1) Equity will ruin men?s sports. The law?s purpose is to